Makhlouf, ShoroukWahab, NoorulToss, MichaelIbrahim, AsmaaLashen, Ayat GAtallah, Nehal MGhannam, SuzanJahanifar, MostafaLu, WenqiGraham, SimonMongan, Nigel PBilal, MohsinBhalerao, AbhirSnead, DavidMinhas, FayyazRaza, Shan E AhmedRajpoot, NasirRakha, EmadSnead, David2023-10-172023-10-172023-09-30Shorouk Makhlouf # 1 2, Noorul Wahab # 3, Michael Toss 1 4, Asmaa Ibrahim 1 5, Ayat G Lashen 1 6, Nehal M Atallah 1 6, Suzan Ghannam 1 7, Mostafa Jahanifar 3, Wenqi Lu 3, Simon Graham 3, Nigel P Mongan 8 9, Mohsin Bilal 3, Abhir Bhalerao 3, David Snead 10, Fayyaz Minhas 3, Shan E Ahmed Raza 3, Nasir Rajpoot 11, Emad Rakha 12 13 141532-182710.1038/s41416-023-02451-337777578http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14200/2556Background: Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a prognostic parameter in triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). However, their role in luminal (oestrogen receptor positive and HER2 negative (ER + /HER2-)) BC remains unclear. In this study, we used artificial intelligence (AI) to assess the prognostic significance of TILs in a large well-characterised cohort of luminal BC.en© 2023. The Author(s).Article